Wednesday 11th September 2024 Print News
L/O: To explore printed news and the theoretical framework.
Do Now
1. Language
2. Industry 5/5
3. Audience
4. Representation
5. Political, social, historical and cultural, economic (Contexts)
In some cases the photos used are louder than words and will take up most of the front cover as a way to show the audience what important content will be shown. Alternatively, It may only be one huge photo then will turn to huge boxes and lanes of text making the cover more a part of the whole product.
Colour palettes range from muted colours and being desaturated but on other newspapers it will saturated with vibrant colour so it can contrast the colour of the black and white texts or to seem more appealing to the audience.
The layout of the news is organised so it is easily readable and digestible for the audience.
Tabloids are smaller, many pictures and short reportsMids would have a bit of both
Broadsheets are conventionally smart and more formal than tabloids
Tabloid
General conventions are using a lot of pictures and involving quite a lot of colour (Mainly red) and usually contain less serious news.
Broadsheet
Take on a bigger format to tabloids and contain more formal news. Less images and more text that revolve around the main story normally political.
Layout organised for an easier read for the audience interested in the formal news
Thursday 12th September Purpose and process
L/O: To explore the purpose and process of the printed news journey.
Do Now:
1. Smaller sized newspaper that covers very popular news and uses many pictures on the cover more casual read.
2. Has a mixture of elements of tabloid and broadsheet
3. broadsheet has less picture and has a lot of information and normally political.
4. Barthes semiology
5. Neale and genre
Purpose
Most agree that the main purpose of news is to inform in some way.
But Tabloid nore informs and updates the audience on popyular celebrity news whilst broadsheet mainly focusing on educating the audience with more formative and political news.
Production
- Require a large amount of material
-employ many highly trained staff
However technology has changed the traditional approach
- Can print in colors
Satellite and internet stories wired quickly from anywhere.
Distribution
- Expensive and need to be efficient
- Have to be physically transported
- Need to be in outlets the early morning
Lessen costs via:
Printed locally
Online can be global and cheaper
Free papers - E.G the metro
Marketing
- Advertising - TV, social media, sister papers
- Exclusives
- Synergy deals with other companies
Circulation
- Number of copies distributed, not sold
Ownership
Daily Mail owner - DGMT
The Guardian - The Scotts Trust Limited.
- Advertising and subscription services that online users will pay which also helps produce more reaal papers which is another flow of money as well but not as strong as online.
- With the internet getting popular it's easier to access the papers online and the read them rather than buying the actual print. Meaning the revenue that print is facing is falling off and going down by 30%
- Moving with the times and diversifying online with social media
Technology Development
1980's
Computers, printers & DTP programs This allowed the print to begin at a steady rate. Audience could create their own print media.
1990's
With the internet being accessible to most people made greater competition for owners but, audiences have more control of information they receive from a greater range fore no cost.
2000's
With Broadband, web 2.0 , smartphones & Tablets , Hd digital cameras and apps. Owners no longer in control of production & distribution of news. Audiences can create, share and distribute own news and can access it anywhere.
Thursday 19th September 2024 Political loser
L/O: To explore the political bias of printed news
Do Now:
1. A press agency gather news and facts and sell them to different newspapers
2. negativity
3. personalisation
4. Trust (Scotts Trust)
5. Historical, culturally, economic, political, social
Free press - A news industry that isn't regulated or censored by the government in values and beliefs
The Fourth Estate - News a role in safeguarding the public from decisions made by the wealthy or politicians which could influence policy or outcomes
The daily Express' Political alliance is right-winged cover Pm Rishi Sunak in a positive light. We can see this via the title of the Paper and its use of Lexis. Words such as undaunted describing Rishi as a persevering and non-discourage type of person and the use of vows adding to his personality of him being a 'good' person and willing to change for Britain. The image as well shows Rishi being serious and having his hands out to the camera adding more stability and structure to the words that described him almost like he's reaching out and offering his ideas to 'help Britain'. Most of the lexis here connotes to Rishi being a great and helpful person for everything
We can see both papers are in Levi Strauss' terms binary opposites with one viewing Rishi in a very serious and trustworthy guy will to put his all in yet the other is a complete mockery of the Rishi and doesn't take him seriously at all and rather views him as a dumb PM. Politics consistently use Binary opposites to allow the papers to have plurality in this case this shows newspapers in the Uk have plurality and also display different views on the same topic.
Homogenous - Singular, Similar & Undistinguishable
Due to the national daily papers support right-wing views . This provides a Homogenous view of our news. Therefore, this will reinforces a singular view about our society/culture
Plurality - That more than one viewpoint is maintained in the news, that owners can't reduce the plurality
Wednesday 25th September 2024 regulation
L/O: To explore issues of regulation of printed news.
Do Now:
1. Revolves around the past events that happened and how they relate to current events and there significance.
2. what happens politically in society and how it relates to content
3. Financial history and how it reflects through production
4. Social is how the audience consume and interpret the news and its influence of societies views.
5. How News affects audiences consumption of cultural values.
We can see that Levi Strauss' theory on binary oppositions can be used here for both of these Newspaper front covers via their use of media language. Here is focusing more on the choice of Lexis on the both papers as The Daily Express uses such provocative words such as 'Undaunted' and 'Vows' makes Rishi seem above us and persevering, whereas The Daily Star look at him more as a joke with their use of Lexis 'woah!' and "Hokey Cokey".
What is regulation ?
- regulation is a way to channel what is allowed to be viewed and what isn't deemed acceptable to the public or certain demographics.
What the arguments for regulation of the news ?
- As certain topics difficult to discuss and can be harmful to different groups therefore being able to publish anything could be dangerous
What are the arguments against regulation of the news ?
- Removes the freedom that the news have to publish stories and information holding back what the public should know
regulation is concerned with maintaining the need for a free press and the function of the fourth estate to protect people and democracy. they control news content and information printed by the press as well as, ownership and laws.
The British press is Self-Regulated. This could me its Punitive rather than preventative and breaches could lead to a fine or printed apology. The problem is you need a lot of trust.
As of result, Two new regulatory bodies were established:- Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO)
- Independent Monitor for the Press (IMPRESS)
IPSO
Is NOT seen to fulfil Levinson's requirements, so doesnt have an official regulatory status in its role, it:
- Holds newspapers to account
- Protects the right of the individual
- Upholds the standards of journalism
- Maintains freedom of expression for the press
IMPRESS
became a Levinson complaint regulator in 2016
- Funded by the IPRT, meaning that it is commercially independent from the news industry and not comprised by its funding system, unlike IPSO.
- First of its kind in the Uk, editors who see it as an attempt from the government to control the freedom of the press.
Curran and Seaton - Organisations that owner many things powerful groups. Media industries are capaitalist and the aim to increase concentration of ownership. Narrowing opinions represented in the press
Hesmondhalgh - Risks and how to lower it. Minimise it lower chance failure.
Livingstone and Lunt - Regulation. Seek private benefits from the media and require regulation to protect them.
Thursday 26th September 2024 Regulation and theory
L/O: To explore theories of regulation of the printed news.
Do Now:
2. IMPRESS
1. IPSO
3. Leveson inquiry
4. Semiology and signs
5. DM - Right wing Guardian - LEFT wing
Industry theory
Curran & Seaton
- Patterns in ownership & control are important in how the media functions.
- Media Industries are capitalist & aim to increase concentration of ownership; This leads to narrowing the opinions represented in the press, affecting plurality.
- Owners pursue profit at the expense of quality or creativity.
- Powerful news organisations, who have successfully defended their Oligarchy.
Daily Mail - Print
Originally owned by Rothermere family since 1896, repeats ownership patterns.
Currently is market share of DMG reinforces right-winged political agenda to a large audience
News values support populist reporting that relies on sensationalised or personalised stories.
Online
MailOnline has posted an increase of revenue of £93 mil in 2017 this is achieved via celebrity and entertainment. Through this MailONLINE DMGT has become Uk's leading news outlet with a share of 20.1%
Guardian-print news
Historical owned by Scott Trust ensures ownership and control does not affect journalist values.
Aims to provide a voice for different perspectives
Aim to guard against commercial pressure through trust format changed moving to being online to survive.
Online
GMG need to make a profit to keep Scotts journalism arm to the commercial arm so that journalism is not compromised
the internet has all lowed online to increase the market share of the news industry so it has a different political voice to the conservatives.
Hesmondhalgh
- Cultural industries follow a capitalist pattern of increasing concentration and integration so production is owned and controlled by a few conglomerates.
- Risk is particularly high in cultural because its difficult to predict success. Relies on big hits to cover cost failure. Hence relying on repetition through use of stars, genres, Franchises, repeated narratives and so on to sell formats to audience, then industries and governments try to impose scarity, especially through copyright rules.
- Internet has sped things up meaning more competitions.
Printed News
Daily mail printed news DMGT as a parent company to DMG media allows rothermere family to intergate a number of outlest & services, reducing competition.
Increasing digital outlets and reducing priting plants helps reduce risk.
- Guardian struggle to survive in a world of huge news conglomets like DMG so moving to online and digital outlets to keep them alive. to Reduce risk.
Lvingstone & Lunt
- Regulation consumers seek private benefits from the media and require regulation to protect them . Citizen are social , seek public or social benefits from the media and require regulation to promote public interest.
Guardian
Self-regulating as preceieves both regulatory bodies as being unethical & ineffective. They will, for example, protect whistle blowers and run the stories if in the public interest.
Online
editor deals with all the complaints and with 140 mil readers its a difficult task.
Curran and seaton's theory on news regulation provides a perspective on why News outlets publish certain topics and news to the public compared to other outlets. Curran and Seaton focus on the idea of capitalistic patterns and ownership and how it affects the functions of media. In this case how it effects news and publish news and how slowly but surely pularity in the news is getting whistled out leaving one veryt strong opinion remaining mainly being the perspective of conservative news.
We see that Daily mail was originally owned by the Rothermere Family back in 1896 and is now steadily controlled by DMG who still share the same views and opinions as the Rothermere family did. This relaates back to the historically idea of Paper barons controlling the public view going around spreading the news. In this case we have the Daily Mail which is shown to be the most popular news outlet for the readers as even their online website (Also publish their news) have the highest market share of 20.1%. In perspectives to others comes no where near. Like the Guardian who focuses on Jourlist values re shown to be suffering from this and their opposites views are being overshadowed and due to the taking risks to keep quality news available they had to move to online to attempt to compete with the market share that The Daily Mail have.
With this this is slowly excluding the idea of Plurality of the news due to them being their most popular mainly their news is being spread it allows conservatives to have a bigger voice over other political parties such as liberal. With this it saturates the news ignoring quality and instead pursue profits. Unlike the Guardian owned by Scotts Trust, they do not care about profit and care about genuine and authentic news but suffer from this due to the readers being the ones who funded their corporation whilst the daily mail has many flows of income to keep publish their news that they want to publish.
Overall Curran and Seaton's theory does apply effectively to understanding news regulation as it displays why certain outlets publish certain news, the idea of news plurality and why online news is more and more competitive due to advancements in technology chnaged of perspective soceity. Although there is change the Daily Mail is clear example o a huge media conglomerate who is thriving due to DMG owning most of the news, whilst the Guardian still struggling to survive in todays times due to this.
Wednesday 2nd October 2024 Print News
L/O: to explore economic factors which influence print news.
Do Now:
1. C&S state that rights o won things are increasing conglomerates are being made its reducing quality to produce more quantity
2. Hesmondhalgh focuses on risk and how to avoid them the news lowers plurality so that they can get a opinion out the is popular and cover celebrity news people are interested in
3. L&L focuses on regulation to protect audiences
4. Levinson inquiry
5. IPSO and IMPRESS
Economic Context Commercial and not-for-profit funding distribution
Guardian - not for profit
Daily Mail - commercial
Guardian is a trust (Scotts Trust)
Daily Mail owned by DMGT owned by the Rothermere family for over 100 years
Both have had a decline due to transitioning to online, desktop etc.
Guardian shrunk the paper size and Daily Mail shut down a factory in Didcot.
Daily Mail owned by the rothermere family for over a 100 years ( DMGT) and the Guardian is owned by a trust (Scott's Trust)
- Profit vs non profit
- Move to online media
- Subscription services
- Circulation
- Ownership
- Cut costs
- stats
Exam question
Economic contexts for newspapers vary between each paper in this case The Daily Mail has been owned by the Rothermere family for over 100 years and is now under the conglomerate DMGT. The Daily Mail is the most popular newspaper in current circulation having owned 25% of the market shares This support Curran and Seatons theory of ownership and control as TDM has followed the capitalistic pattern that the Rothermere family has had. Due to recent development in technology TDM has had to move to online media have their news accessible on mobile phones desktops and many more online platforms. Due to higher demand of preferences for online reading TDM have had to put more funding and focus on the distribution of online news other printed. Due to moving online this has affected the distribution of Newspapers. The pressure of online news content for audiences and a reduction in printed news circulation figures has impacted the distribution of newspapers, the Daily Mail has seen the closure of .with this they shut down one of their printing factories in Didcot. With the online media of the TDM they have clickbait and adverts on their websites as a way to make some profit from online. With all of this TDM still makes a profit of £77 million in 2017 and still have 8.5 million printed readers, and have 7.7 million online readers and 22.7 million mobile reader. Overall, TDM are still very successful in the news business as they focusing funding more on online and due to them being a huge conglomerate are able to weigh in as much profit as possible focusing on the quantity of the news they publish rather than the quality of journalism and news as their main focus is profit.
Alternatively you have The Guardian who are not comercially funded buy instead are a not-for-profit newspaper owned by a trust known as Scotts Trust. With the Guardian all their profits amde from their newspapers as well as online are reinvested into itself to provide quality news for ther audiences. Just like TDM they also had to transition to online media which heavily affected them as their printed paper circulation declined and comparing their market shares The Guardian only had a 2.8% in shares. However, just like TDM they also had ways to make a profit and develop themselves for the rise of online reading. In their case, The Guardian reduced printing cost by reducing the actual size of the newspaper and increased the cover price attempting to benefit the circulation of print. For online just like TDM there are advertisements but they aren't there for clicks but for general interest for the reader also helping the online revenue. The most important for The Guardian is that the reader can donate to them to keep publishing their news allowing the audience to interact with The Guardian showing their support for their quality news, in this case Bill Gates donates to the Guardian. In addition, unlike TDM their are no dividends from shareholders and any spare profit made at the end of the year is put straight back into The Guardian. With all of this The Guardian over recent years has had 7.8 Million desktop readers, 3.1 million tablet readers and 15.8 million mobile readers. Their numbers are still able to compete against TDM. Overall, The Guardian focuses on quality news rather than quantity like TDM allowing the audience to donate helping out their journalist and not focusing on profit but being a company that publish news adding to their plurality of current papers.
I feel like im aiming for Band 2 (4-6 marks) an adequate answer around 4-5 marks earned.
Thursday 3rd October 2024 Case Studies
L/O: To investigate the ownership, funding, regulation, values & Ideologies of the set products to apply critical theory to the set texts.
Do Now
1. Being funded by advertisements aim to make profit
2. Profit made gets put back into the product aim. is journalism
3. DMGT and advertisements
4. Scotts trust
5. Economic
The Guardian
History
- The Manchester guardian was founded by John Edward Taylor in 1821 and first published on may 5th of that year. The paper was intended to promote Liberal interests in the aftermath of the Peterloo massacre, in the context of the growing anti-corn laws campaign flourishing in Manchester during this period . In June 1936 JR Scott formally passed ownership of the paper to the trustees of the Scotts Trust.
- Owned by The Scotts Trust named after the longest serving Editor, CP Scotts. Funding method is not-for-profit funding and ways they make money is donations from readers personalised advertisements and they really express their views on rejecting cookies and how bad it is for them financial. As well as them only being a singular share holder no dividends are made and are invested back into the companies.
Funds
Wednesday 9th October 2024 Case Studies
L/O: To research the ownership, funding, regulation, values & Ideologies of set products.
Do Now:
1. DMGT
2. Scotts Trust
3. Reduce size of paper
4. Mobile Tablet Desktop
5. TDM - 22 mil mobile users Guardian 15.7 mil.
Mission/Ideology of the guardian is have a left or centre or broadly socially liberal political stance
This Is the Guardians values.
They have mainly be Left-wing with their political view to offer plurality to readers. Offers a mainstream left-wing view.
Its reporting style seems quite formal and sophisticated and attempts to give both sides of the story for the audience.
FundingWe can see here next to the masthead we can see an element of The Guardian with their idea of subscriptions with people being able to subscribe and give money to the guardian.
We can see that they are promoting to a funding scheme of 'Subscribers"
Tech developments
It encourages the reader to go on their websiyes and look at the "Upcoming Events" which can lead them to read more news of their online website via desktop or mobile or tablet
mail rewards promote continuous visits to their website for rewards so rather then news more focused on just visiting their news making them money with their visits.Thursday 10th October 2024 Case Studies and Industry theory
L/O: To explore how industry theory can be applied to the ownership, funding and regulation in the set products.
Exam question
Culture has affected the publication of news throughout the years and this is expressed in papers such as The Guardian and The Daily Mail. In many case throughout the year due to the vast ownership of news papers being primarily conglomerates like DGMT it creates a one-sided view of Britain being highly political and constantly in a new situation making the overall view of Britain look negative and rather random. In addition, it creates a view of Britain which slowly is getting more culturally diverse as papers like The Guardian focus on journalism which covers the vast cultures found in Britain. Throughout the time newspapers have been published we can see that these appears have slowly shifted Britain's overall look to establish it in a multicultural way and more accepting of cultures in Britain yet still politically look very under developed.
In addition, with technological advances and publication of news we can see the idea of Tabloid verses Broadsheet have faded away and its more a mix of the genres. For example, The Daily Mail has a huge formal masthead in its traditional script font to appear as a broadsheet but its main cover line and main image make it appear like a tabloid. Now with the Guardian still changing their covers to like recent covers with Labour voted in, in the recent 2024 election, being their mast head and the whole cover being an image. Postmodernism has had its role played in publication of newspapers for both The Guardian and The Daily Mail.
On the topic of technological advances, we can see that consumerism for online reading has lead to involving more market on the online readers and it being more accepted. In this case, The Guardian want to give you personalised ads as not only does it help them it will also help the reader with the advertisements leading them to find things they may like leading to the whole idea of consumerism. This is increasing consumerism meaning online marketing is deemed more acceptable via their clickbait. Even the Guardian on the online public frown on readers who don't accept Cookies on their website. However, The Guardian also do ask for donations , Here Curran and Seaton can be involved here and how the idea of plurality is weaken due to conglometeres. In this case, TDM having adverts and clickbait to make profit .Overall, as it has become the culturally preferred way of reading the news being online we can see that consumerism has found its way to be involved in news and as we further on we see it become more and more culturally acceptable.
In conclusion, we can see that Culture has a huge role on the publication of news being influential to the news that is posted showing more diversity in papers and even involve discussion that aren't related to Britain. To a wide shift to online reading and how consumerism has gotten more involvement in both The Guardian and The Daily Mail's websites and how it has changed the perspective and use of the news.
1. Concentrated news ownership supports a one dimensional view of British Culture through news. Mail supports this cultural context through its ownership model DMG, Guardian however critiques this cultural context as it reveals a wider less influenced model of news through the Scotts Trust. Theory: Curran and Seaton Media industries are capitalist & aim to increase concentration of ownership; leads to narrowing of opinions represented in the press, affecting plurality.
We can see this cover is clearly made to make profit and fuel the TDM's Capitalistic hunger as they main focus is celebrity gossip of a$ap Rocky and Rihanna pregnancy rather than focusing on real news. This clearly shows the lack of quality and focuses more on the quantity of their news publication to make more money.
Can highlight the pattens in the ownership & control of the news now focusing on making a profit rather than providing news. In this case out of everything that was happing in the world in 2022 this was the most important to them and what the audience wanted to read.
Less risk to uses sensational news with celebrity gossip and increasing their digital outlets.
can see their focus is on actual important news focusing on quality over quantityit offers a different perspetive in news while still being somewhat neutral in their political view offering the reader plurality.
Wednesday 16th October 2024 Target Audience
L/O: To investigate audiences of printed news and audience appeal.
Do Now:
1. Hesmondhalgh
2. C & S
3. L & L
4. context in the media revolved around society and cultures behaviours. Time, place and group.
5. Multicultural news being headlined and focused on during the news
The Daily Mail
TDM demographics is 54% women and 46 % men with the average age is 56.
63% of TDM readers are upper and middle class. (ABC1)
Lives in SE of England
366,000 of TDM readers having savings of over £100,000
69% buy their house outright and 83% are homeowners.
have 24 Mil online readers.
TDM Hobbies and interests are business, looking into stocks and shares performance and retail procedures and landscape.
interested in crime and uk sports and royal family.
Like to play Sudoku and completing crossword puzzles.
The Guardian
TG Demographic is 54% of women but more men are more likely to read it with an average age of 54
Education is degree level or above
86% are upper and middle class (ABC1)
Annual income is £28k
2. Celebrity - Simon Cowell is a celebrity but also Christiano Ronaldo 3. Entertainment - Human interest him being on hit show (Britain's got Talent)
6. Good news - Positive outcome his son saved his life.
5. Bad news - Very small but mentions hacked phone via Putin.
1. the power elite - Putin being mentioned
1. The power Elite - Main coverline involving Russia and the whole coverline insinuate violence between Russia and Britain this can be described as the power elite2. Celebrity - Phillip Scolfield being famous presenter on ITV
3. Entertainment - mainly being Philp and his story
4. Surprise - We can see Russia's attacks are starting to involve more military forces according to other coverlines including the main.
5. Bad news - Russias attacks
6. Good news - Sobering up from alcohol
7. Magnitude - Being how much a threat Russia is
8. Relevance Russia topic takes up most the cover
9. Follow up - Russia being previously spoken about can tell via coverlines
Thursday 7th November 2024 Media Language
L/O: to explore the terminology of media language and codes & conventions in print news.
Do Now
1. Tabloid Newspaper is smaller format newspaper covering normally more informal news.
2. Broadsheet newspaper is a bigger format covering more formal news
3. Technical elements are outside the paper such as the camerawork and layout
4. Symbolic get affected by the technical elements
5. Neal focus on genre and how they keep evolving creating hybrids or also carry elements even in newer films.
Tabloidisation - The distinctions between the two genres are getting increasingly blurred between tabloid and broadsheet.
Dual Convergence - Is when genres conventions from another in the use of media language and so increasingly resemble one another,
Also now getting hybrid papers which have a mixture of elements.
Theory summarisation Neale Genre theory
Genres change or decline in popularity
Generic codes and conventions are shared through media due to repetition in the media products, in this case newspapers.
Evolving genres creating hybrids of genres, in this case a middle market paper a hybrid of both Tabloid and broadsheet.
Right wing paper The TimesTypography - serif font for all forms of texts such as the mast head and main cover line. Fits with their ideologies and following the right wing agendas.
layout - Very organised and formed in columns having the main image front and centre and texts surrounding the image in an orderly fashion.
Mode of address - Lexis is quite is quite formal not involving less hyberbole as well as rhetorical
Location - Global news focus on topics that isn't in the UK.
Lighting - quite natural slightly muted as it looks like fading of colour but with the American flags we can see its high key
Choice of camera shot - is mid shot with Trump being direct to the audience/reader. Angle is slightly lower but still straight on.
Left wing paper The MirrorsTypography - Its Sans Serif and bold font breaking the traditional views which associates with left wing agenda and the rest is mainly san serif.
Layout - Disorganised due to the main image taken up most of the papers cover.
Mode of address - hyperbole making the news sound more devastating.
Locations - Is also global
Lighting - Very saturated and high key
Camera shot - Closer mid shot
Thursday 13th November 2024 media lang & Case studies
L/O: To analyse the impact of media language and codes and conventions in set products.
Do Now
1. The circle shape sticker image on the cover
2. The first paragraph on the article
3. the large section at the top of the box
4. The title of the newspaper
5. the title of the main story
The Daily mail have hybridised the two news genres being Tabloid and Broadsheet by merging their code and conventions. In this case, TDM (traditionally a Broadsheet paper) is covering hard news but presenting as if it was soft news. We see this via the choice of lexis on the cover is quite colloquial i.e 'The Pomp And the Pygmy" which suggests fun and insults to content they are presenting. This allows TDM to cover and appeal to wider target audience.
Masthead and Logo
It follows the broadsheet genre containing a sans serif font and is in black and white with a typewriter esc font. this a typical and standardised for broadsheet papers. In addition, The Logo containing a lion and a unicorn meeting in the middle with a shield that is crowned. This is deemed as "Old fashioned" yet is a part of the broadsheet genre. This two features of the news cover show TDM'S viewpoints and ideologies and how they focus on tradition and Britain's " Strong" imagery reinforcing this with the use of the monarchy elements in their logo, showing they are a trustworthy, reliable newspaper.
Main Image
we can see that in the main image it contains a photo of members of the royal family (Charlie and Camilla) focus on important news which is a part of the broadsheet genre
levi Strauss: Structuralism
Binary oppositions
Liberal - supporting political and social change and respect others
Hybridisation of both news genres Tabloid as well as broadsheet. It contains a serif font which is traditional for broadsheet papers however, does have a huge block colour behind similar to tabloid papers like the Sun. Alternatively, The Guardian subverts this by using a blue colour rather than red.
Wednesday 20th November 2024 Q2
L/O: To analyse the use of media language and codes & conventions in set products.
Do Now
1. stuff used that makes up the newspaper such as: editing, mise en scene and camerawork
2. The symbolic elements are made up from the technical elements and create meaning from them
3. Tabloid - Soft news informal Broadsheet formal hard news mid- market hybridisation of the two genres
4. Simulacra
5. Hyper reality
Baudrillard: Post-modernism
- Post modernism is the idea that as a society we have moved away from modernism
- post - modernism is is organised around the idea of 'simulation' the play of images and signs.
- the new world 'hyper reality' and media simulations involving the implosions of modern societies and creating new signs and images we follow.
The Daily mirror falls under a Tabloid newspaper due the conventions of the tabloid newspaper genre. It contains main features that are standardised on many tabloid papers which although may seem similar to the alternative genre Broadsheet and even the recent hybridised genre of news being a mid-market. In this cover we see a main image the being Trump a traditional red top tabloid masthead accompanied with a sans serif font also conventional to a tabloid cover. In addition, it contains a rather small text to image ratio as the image is taking most of the cover and their is barely any text on the paper which is traditional to Tabloids. However, it does subvert on typical convention of tabloids that being the overage of more soft news, as we can see her the main story on this cover is about the election of trump as the President of America and how disappointed they are in America's decision. showcasing, more hard news which appeals to more conventional broadsheet. The Daily Mail in this case is a hybridisation of both tabloid and broadsheet genres being a mid-market tabloid. Having conventions of both genres such as a formal masthead with a serif font and traditional logo showcasing the patriarchal views they have. the massive main image having a text to image ratio similar to a typical tabloid but using their coverlines to clearly show their political stance being right-wing for trump.
In the Daily mirror we see by their masthead that they used a sans serif font with a background colour of red. This shows they are embracing the conventions of a tabloid as typically tabloids are looked at ad 'red-top' tabloids but the use of a sans serif font is to show the papers modernity and their opinions on politics as papers like the Daily Mail use a serif font which indicates tradition then usage of a sans serif font shows breaking that tradition and following change. Following the ideology of the left wing politics adversing and fighting for change and rights of people. Also the use of the Main image in both these covers is actually the same however, the DM have increased the saturation on the photo to highlight Trumps orange like skin showing their opinions on him and overall mocking him. Which for tabloids ends up being rather conventional as tabloids covering hard news its more of a mockery on the star vehicle rather than supporting them which in this case is another example of a tabloid mocking a political leader for their actions.
In conclusion we can see that the differing viewpoints of newspaper covers and news values are conveyed via usage of media language to contrast and show their viewpoints and ideologies.
Wednesday 27th November 2024 Representation
L/O: to explore The constructions of representations in papers and the impact of contexts on these representations.
Do Now:
1. The Bullet points in the question
2. Baudrillard
3. Representations are stronger than reality
4. A realistic representation
5. Tabloid, Broadsheet and mid market.
Dominant group
- this is the characteristics of the DG
- Dominant group in our society holds positions of power within social institutions or owns the production of cultural products such as news.
Dominant ideology - the social experience, values and beliefs of the DG.
- The representation of other social groups negative or positive, help maintains the social position of the dominant group.
- The Dominant group tends to include those who construct the representations in news content.
- TDG have influence on how other social groups are viewed.
- People who don't fit in the characteristics of TDG are subordinate group. Sometimes people may fall into both but its mainly gender and race which determine which group they fall into.
In this cover we see that that mainly the subordinate group are being represented as we see mainly women on this cover. However both seemed to be viewed rather negatively as it seems they aren't exactly supporting the lady on the cover and skew her viewpoint. The other lady is also similar to the top one however, shows how unfortunate it is to apart of the subgroup as she was ignored and unfortunately killed. Although these women are apart of the sub group they have elements to be apart of the dominant group like how they are possibly both British, white and seem to be above the working class.Clearly shows this paper is clearly written by the DG via the first stand-first on this cover showing their views.
Context
Ownership can influence the representations shown in their papers eg. Huge media barons who create the paper and distribute it to the public can show their views and perspective on certain matters which in most cases is the dominant group.
Similar to journalists as journalists are hired by the median barons so most likely both will share the same views and spread their shared views.
representation occurs as a result of selection (Through gatekeeping) and combination (The way different features are selected and combined).
The Daily mail cover is showing 3 stories on them. We can see that its focusing on non political news such as Football and the premier league, Famous celebrity Star Stewart and Cosmetic surgery.
Main focus on this cover is female group an they are represented in beauty standard which is rather stereotypical focusing on plastic surgery and the harm from it. The other story which is important is about abuse from Star Stewart and his experience.
Overall, This cover seems to mainly represent beauty and the danger of it for women and although covers old age which is often covered it still misses out on mainly other social groups. Mainly depicts the sub group and isn't exactly positive.
4 stories showcased with more of a political focus. the main Image is very much reinforcing the dominant group which him fitting almost all areas of the group
Thursday 28th November 2024 Representation and theory
L/O: To explore the use of stereotypes in representation in papers and the explore relevant representation theory
Do Now:
1. are a social group with certain characteristics that put them above other social groups some characteristics are higher class, university educated, white english capitalist etc
2. News barons and journalist
3. Stories being picked and chosen to be published
4. The beliefs that are promoted through news
5. typical things/elements you we see in. certain genre or representation
Class - Clearly shows higher class citizens being a part of the political party as the tories They are represented in a positive light as it shows them trying make a change.
Age - Mainly middle aged and older and yet again represented positively as it shows them stand up for themselves making and stating they want change and fighting for a greater good.
Gender - Mix of male and female but mainly pushes the female gender in this cover covering the new conservative leader Kemi. her representation isn't at all negative and fully supports her agenda and even pushes it forward. However she isn't even on the cover as a main image which also does weaken her representation.
Ethnicity - Similar to gender she is represented as she is black conservative leader but isn't actually shown on the cover
Disability - Not really any representation of disability a part from the idea of fighting dementia which shows them being slightly inferior to able bodied people.
Age- is rather younger and focuses on the younger demographic and represents them positively with them being happy in the main image and the more dominant social group isn't exactly represented in the cover inciting that the younger generation are leading the world.
Class - Represented working class individuals representing them positively as they are seen happy in also in a nice SUV and showing their accomplishments
Gender - Both are represented equally in main image but also highlights rape cases representing women in a form of justice for them and making the dominant social group in a negative way as their group is the one who actual were a part of the rape cases.
Ethnicity - main image is a subordinate group being represented focus on the peace and truce that has developed and supports them not representing the dominant group.
Age - Only thing for them is the assisted death case which suggest a change in law so that euthanise older people on their death bed perhaps represents them as weak and fragile and other than that aren't represented and focuses on the able bodied news.
Constructed realism - Is the way in which media product uses the technical elements of media language to create a product that looks real but is:
- A version of reality
- Constructed through a seriers of choices made by the editor/journalist
- Audiences tend to accept these versions as real. The Constant repetition of similar representations help these to become natural.
- ideologies embedded in these representations is also then accepted.
Hall
Rather than rep vs reality its more on whats being represented and how its being represented and what is missing the representations of the media product. they should be deconstructed and broke down to highlight the ideologies the media products reinforce and establish.
Gauntlett
Focuses on identity through their representations and how they showcase their messages. Nowadays sexuality and gender aren't fixed and its more expressive on the media and the audience look up these representations and establish it to their own identity.
Wednesday 4th December 2024
Do Now:
2. Language, Industry, Audience, representation
3. cultural, social, historical, political and economical
4. references to other media products
5. Gilroy, butler, Neale, Barthes, Hall
Wednesday 11th December 2024 Representation & Case Studies
L/O: To analyse the constructions of representations in case studies and the impact of contexts on these representations
Do Now
1. Feminist theory , intersectionality
2. Class, age, Gender, Ethnicity, Disability
3. Hall has two theories representation, what is being represented and what is missing
4. Gauntlett pick n mix identity in the media isn't fixed
5. Van zoonen masculinity and feminity is created by performance objectification
- We can see personalised journalism in the cover with "Ive been on Prozac..." very personalised from the ex vogue's experience.
Absence of certain groups in this cover only having both genders shown but nothing else
Postive representations of right-wing policy ideology as they explain how the Gp are failing and how capitalism which is apart of the right wing policy.
Gender is represented quite poorly in this cover saying they need to cared for and also calling this Assassin is "Hot" ignoring the offence he has committed
Not very postive on british representation of women yet again with the assassin.
Again women drinking not very positive shows the main demographic of female news coverage is about drinking.
Demonising Syria and Britain wanting to defend themselves against threat and make certain groups look very negative.
Minority in this cover are poorly represented use of lexis is emotive and reinforce this negative view on the minority group as well as the main image.
We can see that TDM covers are covering the topics on the recent assassination the Healthcare executive . In this cover both of them describe the Assassin as hot and normally don't talk about the actual crime he committed. In addition, the Covers also talk about the concerns of Syria and the freedom fighters toppling Assad and also talk about Women with dealing with Prozac and the Gp's failure. Through these covers women and their representation is rather poor as they mainly shown as naive and neglected. We see this via the assassin story with them describing him as "hot". This implies that women are ignoring the true matter and support the assassin due to his looks and attractiveness reinforcing stereotypes of women and how they focus on simpler things and are naive to real world problems. Also the fact that women are being in "Agony" via the Gp also show that women seem to be needing more care for implying that they are weaker then others. This also reinforced with the emotive prozac story on this cover which focuses on a really saddening story however, its flipped and used more as a way to reinforcing that women are needing help and are suffering. As well as that, representations of other groups aren't repsented in these covers, we mainly see gender being shown but we have no representation of disability as well as age and minority groups aren't prominently here but the mention of Syria being a "chronic security threat" implies Britain demonising others to protect themselves which can be a link to Syria and their minority groups being represented in a negative way.
Butler
gender performativity and the performance of gender roles. We learn gender roles through Socially learnt behaviours rather then expressing them and we cannot simply categorising them in simple binary systems.
TDM uses this by reinforcing the binary systems and usually flips the realism of certain stories to keep these binary systems reinforced
Gilroy
Post colonialism suggest that colonial history continues to influence. Superiority of white western cultures and how it looks at other cultures and even demonises or criminalisations of immigrants.
Black Atlantic suggest the way in which black cultures blend elements of different African, American, Caribbean, and European cultures.
TDM demonises certain minority groups as well as criminalises immigration in. a lot of their stories even if they don't use the word immigration most the time non-Uk citizen aren't viewed positivity and looking at the idea of colonising The Uk want to keep their empire and even when news that doesn't involve the UK they still paint a picture that it is a threat to the UK.
Thursday 12th December 2024 Representation & Case Studies
L/O: to analyse the constructions of representations in case studies and the impact of contexts on these representations.
Do Now
1. Rep of the DG social group
2. Emotive journalism
3. traditional family values rep
3. Barthes theory is on semiology and imagery
4. Butler and gender performativity heteronormativity and binary roles
5. Post colonialism and the idea of white western culture having a control of representation of other cultures black Atlantic blend elements of different African, American, Caribbean, and European cultures also a fallen empire so creating and us vs them in the UK
- National news being covered here is the axing of 10,000 civil services jobs. Negative as it makes the minister look bad with the use of lexis "Axe" implying an aggressive cut of these people who need their jobs.
- International news we have the murder of Sara Sharif' and the Syria rebel that is currently on going. Positive representation again as the use o lexis "Pursue" giving them quite a heroic perspective.
Slight Centre left political bias with the budget cuts of jobs looking at the minister in a negative way for their actions.
DG isn't exactly represented here as we have minority having most of the representation on this cover as well as a non heteronormative representation.
Butler - We see gender performativity in this cover via the main image being a close up of Sara Sharif with her looking vey feminine with makeup and a dress following the traditional gender roles however we see a challenge of binary roles with the skybox having two men who follow the representation of the DG however don't follow the binary norms and show a non heternonoramtive representation.
International news covering Syria and Isreal and their conflict and does not have any influence on the matter and linking it to how it can affect the Uk
National news covering Vodafone and how managers were left suicidal Vodafone being the 3rd most popular and as well as most likely used by the DG. Negative rep of them as this story is showing how the DG are crumbling and how it can affect people.
Objective news with the care home news
Negative rep of minority group as we can see here with Lexis human slaughter house' which is a disgusting metaphor talking about the violence Assad is doing. Opinion based
Continued on with the main image of this cover reinforces this with them looking soghly hopeless and with rope used to defend themsleves.
Analysis
The Guardian showcases its ideology and opinions through its representation in the covers. The Guardian are left-centred and showcase more pluarlity in the news offering a differing perspective to other huge news publishers that are dominantly right-wing. Although the journalist themselves are a part of the dominant social group they usually represent the other social group giving them the star light however sometimes still can be shown in a negative way. Also leaving out other elements of the lower social group mostly disability in their covers. In this cover we see that the main story is about Assad and their ongoing conflict and we can see a little bit of influence from The Guardian via the the use of lexis "Human Slaughter"
Thursday 18th December 2024 Print news Q1 practise
L/O: to analyse the use of representations in Newspaper.
Do Now:
1. expectations of the layout and genre of the form
2. Shot type, layout, typography and lexis
3. issues of political events and situations
4. Gender performativity, heteronormativity, binary norms
5. Black Atlantic, white western culture, post colonialism
Question 1
Will ask:
- analyse ( LIAR)
- Context
- use a theory
10 marks, 17 minutes
Barthes' theory on semiology focus on the idea of signs and the creation of myths and naturalising them. The idea of denotations (signs) that are visible to the audience and then interpreted (Connotations) which give them meaning that may or may not be related to the original sign therefore creating myths. This has been used several time throughout media and has lead to many meanings being naturalised in media which are interpreted by the audience for an effect. In this case the representation of political context on these covers. Both covers use semiology to push their own agenda and opinions to the reader for them to consume and create their opinions on the matter with a slight bias.
In source a the Guardian have an establishing shot of previous conservative Mp Rishi Sunak looking down with a slight frown. The colour palette used also seems quite grainy and desaturated, muted in colour to reinforce the gloom that he is feeling. This was during the roll for election and we can see that The Guardian are pushing a negative view point on Rishi Sunak.
Barthes is used here as we can see the use of the denotation being the main image used in the cover and this suggest his role in the right-wing conservative party. The signs created in this main image is the overall atmosphere being' down' as the star vehicle Rishi Sunak is looking down and the overall colour is also gloomy matching the atmosphere he created. This represents the connotations made this via the failing of Rishi Sunak and his push for Mp as he clearly doesn't seem to be doing such a great job ad with the use of media language reinforcing this as well it naturalise the liberal views which The Guardian seem to lean more on in a political stance.
The Daily express in Source B have a lower angle mid shot of Rishi Sunak showing more suit and him being taller. The colour palette is a lot more vibrant making the blue colours he wears a lot more showing and powerful in this. This is another clear example of Barthes used in this as the main image is full of connotations that show Rishi Sunak in an alternative light to what we see in The Guardian. He seems powerful and strong and also we see a denotation of his suit being wet but the connotations alongside everything else we see in the main image is that Rishi Sunak is fighting for his beliefs no matte the conditions and will push forward for the conservative in this win. A complete juxtaposition to what the Guardian had shown us previously and also shows us what political views TDE have being clearly in support of right-wing conservative.
Back to the Guardian we see the use of lexis in this cover via the main headline of "gamble" this again is use of Barthes as the connotations of this imply that Rishi Sunak isn't a strong, strategical man but instead a risk taker and isn't fully aware of the outcomes he have. especially when it comes to politics this can be seen as rather arrogant and idiotic and with the use of media language throughout the cover an perviously mentioned it reinforces this connotation which again naturalises TG's political views of being against right-wing politics.
Alternatively, TDE again juxtapose this as again the use of lexis in this cover shows "Fighting" 'Nation's future". Unlike TG we see that that Rishi seems to be dominant and strong minded as he is willing to do as much as he can to better the UK and really creates a character that the reader may like and support due to the use of TDE' media language on this cover. This again naturalises TDE political view on the matter with their use of signs and creation of myths used to show that they are right-wing and will uses semiology in an emotive way to express their point.
In conclusion, we can see that both covers use Barthes theory on semiology to express their political views on certain matters which in this case is Rishi Sunak run for Mp. We can see that both sources use semiology to support or oppose Rishi Sunak to support the their own views on politics to the audience.
Thursday 19th December 2024 Print News Q2 practise
L/O: To analyse the use of genre conventions in Newspapers
Do Now:
1. open para explain theory and context para 2 example of Sa and apply theory para 3 Sb apply theory etc etc then conclusion
2. The papers they give you or your own knowledge such as TG and TDM. Case study and non case study.
3. Barthes semiology signs and myths and how they become naturalised
4. LIAR
5. the overall concluding paragraph on wether the question asked is correct/wrong or is it used or is it not. You decide what part you agree on, assert your point for the side your on or both.
Question 2
Compare sources A and Source B make a judgement.
15 marks 25 mins
use bullet points to plan
the genre code and conventions of Broadsheet newspapers keep a traditional view on certain topics and keep a focus on covering hard news focusing on political news which covers their political allegiance which is normally right winged. Typically having a larger size compared to its alternative Tabloid and with this its layout would normally keep a text to image ratio where there is more text then image covering more news for its reader. In addition, most Broadsheet papers keeping traditional would have a sans serif font for its masthead as well as headline provoking its formality to the reader. Also, throughout history we have seen that Broadsheet papers are typically black and white lacking over cover and also alongside their hard news coverage may contain advertisement adjusted to the reader group inn society. This group normal is. a part of the dominant social group and cover news internationally outside of the Uk on certain occasions. however, importantly broadsheet may undergo changes as due to times changing we also see a change in readers and their interest and with that we also may see a change in the development and presentations of Broadsheet papers.
To begin, we see that the colour of these papers aren't following the genre code and conventions of broadsheet paper. Previously mentioned we see that they are typically black and white however both the Guardian and the Financial times are full of colour and vibrant in their colour palette. Even more the Finical times is see with an orange background which isn't typical for a broadsheet. this implies that the codes and conventions are changing to seem more appealing to audience having covers be more vibrant to be picked out by readers rather than be traditional and prioritising the news coverage.
In addition, we see that both covers showcase their political views via the use of media language. In this case, both covers use lexis to shows this, The guardian in their main headline we see use the word gamble inciting that what Rishi Sunak is stating isn't stable and rather idiotic and risky as the connotations of the word gamble normally aren't very positive. adding on, Financial Times also use a similar word being 'bet' also following the similar connotations that The guardian are presenting their cover however in this case it can be interpreted less harshly and perhaps more tactical but still risky and still implying that Rishi isn't very stable on what he is trying to provide us as an Mp. This shows their political allegiance and rather than following the traditional genre code and conventions of being more right-winged in their showcase of news in instead is showcasing a different side of news. this side of news being more centred and even leading more to left wing. This is reinforced even more via the Guardian skybox and the quote shown its use of lexis can show even a tabloid style of writing using a play of words to mock Rishi Sunak and the Financial Times other story actually going against and extreme right-wing side story. This shows that broadsheet papers can show differing opinions which actual offer the reader more plurality news options compared to news typically from a broadsheet being solely right-wing.
Alternatively, there are mainly elements that challenge the statement of codes and conventions being dynamic and actual staying traditional.
In conclusion, I believe that genre codes and conventions of broadsheet papers have shown elements of being dynamic and changing however, most will stay traditional and stay their own way so they fit with their political views and stay traditional for their readers to forward their views on readers who most likely will accept them and support them.
Wednesday 8th January 2025 Online News
L/O: to explore the industry, regulation and ownership of online, social & Participatory news of Mail Online
1. Two news covers analyse media language and representations. Cover analysis
2. Q1
3. Bullet points from the question on the question
4. Can practice theory SA theory SB theory SA theory SB conclude
5. Barthes theory focuses on semiology and imagery connotations and denotations signs. How images can create meaning to the an audience.
1. Due to it being easily accessible and more convenient then traditional physical newspapers people have moved to online news. As well as low cost to produce an update compared to yet again physical papers.
2. Online advertisements, donations as well such as the Guardian being funded by a trust. Paywall/subscriptions
3. It has had a positive impact as more readers are reading online news it has also saves the big conglomerates money on printing factories and allows news to be published in a faster manner then it ever was before.
4. Self regulated (TG) IPSO (TDM)
Mail Online
Statistics - Originally released in 2003 it was combined with TDM print paper, DGMT has a 20.1% market share. Mail Online revenue was £119 million which was an increase of £93 million from last year 2016. So far pretty successful and remained competitive and didn't need a paywall originally.
Alternatively, throughout the years statistically there has been shown a downturn in revenue. Such as in print advertising, circulation, subscriptions and transactions all are drastically lower then Mail Online's most successful year 2017.
However, there are elements where it has improved since 2017 such as Digital advertising and events and conferences.
Production - Content was original to mail online and wasn't available on the print. Employed 800 people who post over 1500 articles and 560 videos a day. Still keeping their conservative news values. Covers a broad mix of international news but attempts to focus on UK coverage of sport, finance and travel. Entertainment celebrity & lifestyle news is a major component and the site is dominated by images.
Distribution - Distributed digitally across digitally converged platforms (websites, apps and social media) reduces distribution costs and enhances profit from advertising. Enabling a global reach for the brand through their online content in the Uk, USA, Australia and India. Attract younger audiences
Circulation - 2015 most visited english language news website in the world. 1/3 daily traffic comes from USA & Australia.
has 22 million browsers every month
Very successful on other social media platforms and keeps up with them and the generations interest. (Youtube, TikTok, Snapchat) most engaged news platform in the whole of the UK.
Regulation - Regulated by IPSO. Since 2015 ISPO received 39 complaints against mail online and only 2 were upheld. ISPO can only regulated content produced by the mail online journalist but, due to the participatory nature of the platform, much isn't regulated.
Journalist are tasked with filtering, editing and/or removing content deemed offensive on their platforms, but volume of user - generated content makes this difficult.
Minimal impact - More room has been made for gossipy and inaccurate news journalist can regulate this if posted by a journalist.
significant impact - Sharing, commenting are often anonymous participation is encouraged. This largely self-regulated and the success is debatable.
Thursday 9th January 2025 Guardian Online News
L/O: To explore the industry, regulation and ownership of online, social & Participatory news for The Guardian.
Do Now
1. media product is now available in a digital version via internet access and/or mobile phones
2. IPSO
3. global reach having the UK, USA, Australia and India 66 million page views
4. Source A theory Source B theory Source A theory Source B theory conclusion
5. Follow the bullet points
Statistics - 34.7 million global users, 2017 gained a digital revenue of £108.6 million an increase of 15% in 2017 and is 50% of GMG revenue. However, revenue has steadily increased back up to its peak in 2009 as every year it seems to increase after its fall in 2013.
Production - website originally Guardian unlimited, which began in 1999 and evolved into the the guardian.com in 2008. The Same liberal, progressive values as the print version their advertising doesn't include fossil fuels or gambling
Additional features such as an opinion section and soulmates, which enable a greater range of content than the print version. has got nicher sections like sport , technology, arts , sports and is constantly updated by journalist.
began due the failing print sales, theguardian.com was highly successful digital convergence
Distribution - Digital convergence platforms like websites, apps, & social media
has a global reach and has country specific versions in the USA & Australia
had a partnership deal with yahoo with users from the UK, USA, Australia, India & Singapore accessing content
Circulation - 2015 theguardian.com has increased circulation by 25%, having a 34.7 million global users and 1.15 million users accessing by mobile or tablet
Regulation - Self regulated by the readers online. Most of the main articles you cannot comment but their is an opinion section where readers can easily comment 140 million users so regulating is rather difficult.
Wednesday 15th January 2025 Audience Reach
L/O: To explore audience appeal and use of online, social & Participatory news in the mail online.
Do now
1. Online convergence as audiences wanting to use internet and its devices as well as reaching the news in quickest way possible
2. Self regulated by the Guardian editors. Lack of access to commenting on main stories and having a certain section known as opinions where people can comment.
3. 66 million global reach
4. Via sharing the articles with others via social media platforms
5. Decrease distribution of printed news
Ad -like - a visual and verbal concept that conveys the theme of a marketing campaign. Clicking onto an advert on a digital website
Clickstream data - a record of a user's online activity including their clicks, page navigation and interactions. Used to analyse user's behaviour and a website's performance.
Echo chambers - An environment in which a person encounters only beliefs or opinions that coincide with their own, so that their existing views are reinforced and alternative ideas are not considered. Audiences only receive more of the same to reinforce their current likes and preferences.
front door traffic - The traffic that passes through a cloud-based service called Azure Front Door to reach a web application. Azure Front Door manages and filters this traffic to improve the performance of the application. Encouraging users to view newspapers content on their website rather than another website e.g facebook, it encourages advertisers
apart from being blocked by school computers instantly bombarded with adverts and being slightly unorganised. It allows the audience to clearly traffic themselves to news that is preferred for their reading.
as well as stories are mostly photo orientated and using buzzwords to appeal to an audience.
news brands will reach out to varying Masses of audience to gurn viewership on their page. Online news has become increasingly popular due to online convergence and the increasing access to the internet. Therefore most News brands have had to transition over just so they can maintain their success and keep producing news for their audience. However News brands have to use certain techniques to reach for their audience to read their news. For example many News brands have a variety of formats such as social media platfroms that many of the younger audience will use and appeal to. using front door traffic to encourage the reader to go and read on their website rather than continuing on the platform they originated from also known as back door traffic. In addition, they will have many different forms of news for them to intake. As previously mentioned online news brands will have a variety of sections which the audiences can select and read from giving them choice on what they want.
Although this seems good for both parties it does raise questions on why they use these techniques to increase their online reach. Clearly it is to gain a profit other other online news brands but in addition, getting the online reach is the first task they achieve then secondly they must maintain this reach. They do this via click streaming where they will watch your behaviour and track what you enjoy on the website so they can create a perfect viewing experience for the reader so they stay and keep reading multiple times.
We can see a wide variety news ranging from celebrity, entertaining, good as well as bad news and relevance.
Scrolling down throughout this variety continues and ever expands as we see follow up stories agenda and surprise stories.
all of this is used as a way to appeal to the audience to grown their online reach.
Thursday 16th Jnauary 2025 Online news
L/O To explore audience appeal and use of online, social and participatory news. Exploring the academic theory of audience and apply to the online news examples.
Do Now:
1. ad liking is clicking onto an advert on a digital website
2. Tracks the users click activity and how long the spend on different areas so that in the future they can create a more personalised experience for the user.
3. Front door traffic is where whatever the user clicks on it takes them to the main website rather than reading it else where like social media
4. echo chambers are reprated messages or values in stories that fit the audience belief
5. News values, U&G, media language
Hard news here as it talks about the serious topic of Palestine and the ongoing war. keeping the reader informed on the current events and the tragedies that are ongoing.
celebrity news although here is news content of Timothee chalamet and that story is very minuscule and not very important news to the reader, this may appeal more to the younger audience who may associate with UK rap industry and although it is presented in. rather formal and informative rapper rather than being fully celebrity gossip.
Entertainment as we can see that this is covering popular tv show Squid Games and other Tv shows and also talks about a rather important topic about desensitisation and also how Tv shows may go into too much unnecessary detail.
Layout is very simplistic and manageable for the reader to reader as well as select what story they would want to read. Unlike other websites its clean and organise layout suggest that the audience themsleves are also organised and perhaps prefer more non-sensationalised and slightly objective news
Colours are not very vibrant and saturated like others but are soft to offer a professional atmosphere
Font - Serif adding to the professionalism as well show a slight personality and formality to the audience
lexis language is formal and professional which for the audience as well as guardian being centre left leans to the reader perhaps being slightly open minded but lean left politically with the news stories
Bandura: Media effects
Short -term effects media has an audience
Bandura dolls - media replication, replicating violet behaviour they had seen and acted on a doll.
negative is that it was studied on children 4-6 year old and is generalised to the whole population of people who consumes media. This is also just short term and not long term. print cardigan mohair
Gerbner: Cultivation theory
- mean world syndrome, long term effects
- constant negative news can cause long term effect
Hall Reception theory
- Dominant reading, agreeing with the story and the view
- Negotiated reading, don't fully agree with the story but have elements of agreement
- Oppositional reading, don't agree at all.
Jenkins: Fandom
- new media have enabled participatory culture where audiences are active
- Participatory audiences create online communities using new media forms to develop or influence how media is consumed
- Fans act as "Textual Poachers" - taking elements from media texts to create their own culture. In this case commenting under an article or section to voice opinions or talking about it on social media
Shirky: End of Audience
- Traditional media are shaped by centralised producers
- Audiences were seen as a mass of people with predictable behaviours
- Audience behaviour is now variable; they are prosumers who can create and shape their eon content
- user generated content creates emotional connections.
Wednesday 22nd January 2025
L/O: To explore use of media language in online, social & Participatory news.
Online News Conventions
Homepage - Crams in quite a lot of stories for the reader to have choices on what to reader and also spread the ideology that the news papers have i.e hard or soft news and or left or right-wing news.
Navigation bar - offers huge selection for readers to pick their preferences easier making the reader feel more welcome and looked after in some sense.
Breaking news - makes the story seem to be effectively used mostly as a way for the paper to keep updated on important stories and also spread their ideologies more but also deem more reliable as they constantly updating their news for readers.
User accounts/preferences - Using clickstream data as well as echo chambers it is used to make the audience stay on their website and read their news/content.
Adverts are constantly on the website just as a way of making money and normally will use cookies to make the adverts more personal. TDM won't let you access the website without accepting cookies and the guardian will beg you but will never show gambling or fossil fuel adverts.
Social media conventions
More sensationalised news, although hard news is still present it is clear that this news is more orientated to a younger audience by having more celebrity news involved, publishing mass appealing news which would reach outside of their target audience gaining mass readers to follow their ideologies and eventually go through front door traffic to reach the main website where their views are more reinforced.
For example on instagram a 'post' will have the main image and coverlid it being summarised down fully and if you go on the post they cover the full story and then allow the readers to comment under the post. Aim to direct traffic to main website (Front door traffic)
TheTimes
We can see it's highly organised most likely because of the demographic of readers. Their highlights are allocated to certain news topics similar to their website.
News is hard news and focus on important news at the time. In this case being Trump most of their news is orinitated to him. Lexis is formal and seems to be neutral as the story isn't fully covered unless you go to their main website.
Mail Online vs Print
Mail online maintains the somewhat formal and traditional views however it arguably uses more hard hitting and less sensationalized news at least on the front page of the website when compared to print.
Social media posts are more sensationalized than the paper with a clear aim at a younger audience.
Black and blue colors remain constant.
Masthead is different however maintains the same 'mail' which allows for synergized brand image .
Comments and sharing on both website and social media sallow user participation creating amore active audience than print.
Thursday 23rd January 2025
L/O: To explore the use of media language in online, social and participatory
Do now
1. Audio, video and audience interactions
2. Amplifying the belonging in the social media role
3. Levi Strauss
4. Neale
5. Baudrillard covers postmodernism representations in media and how they become stronger then reality. hyperreal, hyperreality and simulacra
Guardian print vs Online
- The colour pallate for the website and social media is the same carrying over the ideology to both.
- online use more elements that the social media will bring such as multiple photos and extended captions for the audience however they will use front door traffic to redirect the audience to go to the website
- Masthead is transfered from both to keep their brand image
- more visual content on the online
- online utilise alot more audience participatory features
- allows people with the voice to be shown, rather the focus on what others seem to represent.
Wednesday 29th January 2025 Representation
Ideologies
Individualism - Emphasis of the individual over the social group, associated with capitalist ideals of free enterprise, pursuit of profit and the right of self-realisation and freedom.
Globalisation - A process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected due to increase trade and cultural exchange. Movement of goods and services with most companies being multi-national.
Consumerism - encourages the acquisition of goods and services,, linked to individualism due to free choice of the consumer.
- Individual in the family group
- Traditional family values
- Global, western cultural values
- A right-wing political ideology
- the values of consumerism and individualism
This shows right-wing political ideology as it sows a support for Trump and his action.
Showcasing individualism as it is targeting the whole labour party but shows only Rachel Reeves.
This is hyperbole of family values as its a negative representation of family values and they want to spread more traditional family values.
We can see that the selection of events are celebrity gossip and being sensationalised. More important matters have occurred yet this is Their main story
connotations of this is that the issue at hand seems to be undermined due to the images that are shown show him in a positive light. Also represents again what in their eyes is what the readers want and what is most important.
The cover shows the dominant social group, white, higher/Middle Class. Although his story isn't positivity he is still being represented
Thursday 30th January 2025
L/O:
Do Now
1. focuses on the individual and their personality that is made up from the social groups
2. Spread of good, services, and information global due to companies being multi-national
3. peole acquiring goods and exhanging good.
4. Hall's representation theory
5. Insectionality and oppositional gaze
- individualism is shown here as it focuses on Adele and prioritising her. seems to more important then others celebrity gossip being more focused then national/political news. Sensationalising celebrities.
Jonnhy Depp is a clear example of individual example as again sensationalising celebrities and putting him forward as a star vehicle to forward the advertisement. This can also link to consumerism as Johnny Depp is next to Dior Sauvage creates an image of it being a great fragrance that Johnny Depp
Events we can see that Trump is clearly being shown and the focus on politics and specifically his actions. Sensationalising him by having him relate to a younger audience who may not been actually interested in politics.
Social groups, dominant social group with trump and Elon musk who clearly are influenctial.
issues - trump's kiss and his talk of drones celbratory news as well as china stealth weapons viewing them as enemies.
Thursday 6th February 2025 Guardian news
L/O:
Do Now
1. traditional, dominant social group positive rep. right-winged
4. Class, age, gender, ethnicity, disability
5. Individulaism, gloabalistation, consummerism
6. Butler is about gender performativity not about the gender but how the characters are perfromed. gender trouble
7. Van Zoonen is about objectification of women
8. Gilroy is about post colonialism and the black atalntic and mourn of a lost empire and negative view of immergrants
9. Gauntlett personality theory and identity 'pick & mix'
10. Bell Hooks - intersectionalality, oppositional gaze.
showing politics and current affairs
social welfare as we can see the issue with the NHS and struggle to take care of everyone.
centre-left political ideology isn't directly insulting/opposing the right wing ideology but instead being neurtal and talking about the story
sports and arts cultures having a vast representation not being underswept by other important
events - We can see that it is focusing on Kemi Badenoch the current leader of the conservative party. insulting her staff to do a better job.
issues - focuses on how shambolic the conservative party is as well as overall UK politics are as we can see how awful their leader is and how dysfunctional the conservative party is
CAGED - We can see that it is different from the dsg and has ssg representation here but it isn't exactly positive due to her actions it more prioritises her insolence and power as a leader rather than her gender and ethnicity.
Individualism - We can see it soley focuses on the conservative leader Kemi Badenoch and criticising her without showing the rest of the party and what is going on without which prioritising her rather then the whole party.
Events
Uk side of things mainly focuses on the troubles such as Uk economy and current national events still focusing on gaza and isarel.
- Shows Guardians focus o news that have a direct impact on the reader as well as giving them a direct insight on important national news that is primarily centred with some hints of leaning to left wing when mention conservative party and trumps. This is further reinforced via the opinions section where the readers show their left wing opinions and mostly support what the Guardian are showing.
Issues
Similar to events but focuses on England's political trouble as well as the ongoing destruction with Gaza and Israel. Also breaches with confidentiality and social media which links with Gen Z audiences as well.
mainly shows hard news rather then soft news and again will link to a more centred or left wing view of these stories as they are a news papers that offers plurality to readers and doesn't attempt to influence the reader with a certain ideology which others will constantly reinforce.
CAGED
We see that we can see that most the time the main image doesn't include the person but most the time dsg aren't positively represented as we can see mainly in the US politics section which has the dsg and are mostly negatively or neutrally represneted whereas the ssg in main news aren't represented often and are deemed weak in some stories but also with the story with Kemi Badenoch and stories focusing on Israel show a variety of social groups but still lacks a representation of disability
Thursday 27th February 2025 Context
L/O: To explore the contexts of the news industry
- Historical, Traditional masthead forwarding their values of royalty and high regard due to the horse and unicorn next to a crown.
- Economic, an expensive paper and with the Qr code they want the reader to join them and keep continuing to consume their content. Print sales are lower to the online convergence so prices are higher.
- Political, labour views are negative as the use of lexis makes it seem that what Kier is doing is rather shocking. Especially since the coverline takes up most of the page reinforcing the impact of the decision.
Social - female rep not exactly positive focusing on her weight and ozempic and her dressed in a shiny dress and posing to look desirable.
- Cultrual ozempic drug and changing weight so quickly is slightly trending with TDM and just overall culture.
Wednesday 5th March 2024 News Context Questions
L/O: To explore the questions surrounding contexts of the news industry
Do now:
1. historical context - context relating to historical events that have led to significant change in society and influence current media.
2. Political context - focuses on the context of political issues that effected society (Left - right political allegiance
3. economic context - focus on the development of something such as production cost budget and distribution
4. Social context - issues with society
5. cultural context - how things work with in a group of people and how they differ from others.
Historical
- 17th Century Uk oldest form of media
- late 19th century with the extension of of education and vote allowed more consumption of news
- Print press has been shaped by developments in technology
Economic
Regulation cost TDM IPSO and TG reader's editor paid to regulate
Advert cost as a main funding due to us being a consumerist society
Trust vs cross media converged conglomerate DMGT
Change in format in website
Website cookies
Cultural context have heavily influenced the way we interact as an audience with print and online news. This can be seen easily within the Guardian as well as The Daily mail an example of this is within the stories a swell as adverts.
The Daily Mail rely on advertisements as a source of income and we can see this as just solely on their website the amount of pop up ads that are visible through your read is immense. It forces audiences to be more consumerist as it advertises products that readers may have interest in and and is successful in doing this due to us as a cultural being more consumers driven. The Guardian will also contain adverts although they went show any adverts around gambling and fossil fuels they will still show adverts again for readers to consume. On their print papers they will also showcases advertisements as TDM will mainly advertise in the skybox and use a bright colour palette to make it more visible for audience to see. this directly influences the way on how audiences will interact with the news print or online.
Also with the online convergence of online news and moving from print to online we have see a rapid proliferation of culture representation in online news as now the websites will offer the reader to be able to select what type of news they would like to read. Such as TDM having a variety of selection which is an attempt to retain audiences to keep reading their news. the same goes for TG where they also offer a selection of news options but with slightly more support to a variety of sub group cultures which is where the TDM lacks. This directly links to the idea of cultural contexts having an influence on how we interact with online news as now readers can select which news story and sub sections of the news they primarily will like to partake in reading.
Not Completed
Thursday 6th March 2025 Exam format Q1 & Q2
Q1. Singular point.
The objectification of cameron's wife as we can see on the Times newspaper cover we can see that Cameron is visible disheartened by the situation at hand whereas his wife is depict like a 'traditional wife'. As she is shown smiling in the main image representing her lack of knowledge on the situation and is there as a form of support for her husband. In addition, her appearance is shown to be fitting the historical stereotype of a traditional wife as she is shown to be wearing a dress and applied with makeup. Although this may seem a bit exaggerated she has just left 10 Downing street which is the building of British politics and she could also dress in a similar attire as her husband Cameron but instead is shown falling in the stereotype of traditional wife, which links to Van Zoonen's theory about objectification as Cameron's wife is depicted in a traditional stereotypical way to support her husband to show how her gender role is performed.
Q2
genre conventions are constantly changing throughout time especially in newspaper originally being used to express information to readers about political affairs and giving readers knowledge of the world today in a broadsheet format and also having a very different reading experience via a tabloid newspaper which expressed certain views and affairs in a different more forwarding perspective even though they had shrunk in size compared to the refined traditional broadsheet.
broadsheet newspapers will normally come with a script/ serif font to evoke the idea of traditional within their viewpoints and ideologies that they want to express to their readers. we can see this in The Daily telegraph as the font it uses is a script font which links to idea of the past and traditional and therefore maintaining that previous tradition that links with their certain viewpoints and ideologies in certain affairs they cover. whereas, tabloid papers often go for a bold sans serif font with a background colour of red. we can see this on the tabloid paper of The Daily Mirror as the choice of this is to express its modernity and it moving away from the those constant traditional viewpoints and ideologies have an have their own expressive will within their news. Also the choice of red could also be expressive of their political allegiance and it being red can show a support for the political party Labour and stir away from the conservative viewpoints that most broadsheets will have offering plurality in the news. Both have easily noticeable Mastheads so readers can easily see what perspective they will when covering news.
11/9- Great start to your notes and a good use of terminology.
ReplyDelete19/9- Good analysis here and use of media terms. T: 2: try to add a section that explains how the theory can be applied to the ML of the cover.
ReplyDelete26/9- Good start and knowledge of the industry. T: 2 You need to cover the other points that C&S state and apply each of these different points to both texts to evaluate the theory.
ReplyDelete2/10- Great knowledge of the case studies and their economic factors. T 6 include the wording of the question and link to distribution of newspapers.
ReplyDelete10/10- Good points made, T: Try to give some specific examples from each case study newspaper to help exemplify your point.
ReplyDelete1. Concentrated news ownership supports a one dimensional view of British Culture through news. Mail supports this cultural context through its ownership model DMG, Guardian however critiques this cultural context as it reveals a wider less influenced model of news through the Scotts Trust. Theory: Curran and Seaton Media industries are capitalist & aim to increase concentration of ownership; leads to narrowing of opinions represented in the press, affecting plurality.
6/11-Absent from the lesson, please catch up with the work, complete the lesson tasks, and attempt the Q4 from Lesson 6b.
ReplyDelete11/12- Great notes, keep these detailed with lots of examples to refer back to in revision
ReplyDelete18/12- You need to cover political contexts clearly and link elements of the theory clearly to your examples of representation.
ReplyDeleteBe clear and concise with your ideas. I can help you go through this tomorrow if you mention at the beginning of the lesson
19/12- Good analysis, you need to focus on your conclusion and link that to the question.
ReplyDelete15/1-Excellent notes
ReplyDelete27/2- where is your work on contexts from today? It is very important that you complete all the tasks Dom and then I can assess your understanding of the topic.
ReplyDeleteYou have good examples for representation but the depth of analysis is brief and not detailed enough. I need to see more depth and exploration so that you are ready to do this in the exam.
5/3- Where is your response to the question? This must be completed.
ReplyDelete5/3- Good start, middle mark band- T: More depth of Cultural contexts explored, such as why we see adverts and how these are used and accepted by the audience.
ReplyDelete